In this context and the context of how most of the western world uses the two words, they are the same thing.

However, it would be inaccurate to say that Pranayama is limited to breathing. Our Prana exists at a cellular level, it’s hidden inside the breath. The act of breathwork is not pranayama, the same way that the act of eating is not digesting. You need to work with the breath in order to extract the Prana out of it. Getting a deeper understanding of our breath and what we’re personally working with helps us on this journey.

If you’re really curious about the history of the word and practice, I suggest you read Indu Arora’s reference book on Yoga.

 Of course, but certain techniques should be avoided. Please advise your teacher so they know to make modifications for you - and never practice breath holds while pregnant.

Anyone can practice pranayama. Whether you’re recovering from a surgery, undergoing chemotherapy, have COPD, or another health condition, not only can you practice, but breathwork will be beneficial to your healing journey.

Most people feel some kind of benefit, whether that be an emotional or physical release. As you develop a more consistent practice, the benefits will continue to increase.

 It’s not necessary, but if you are physically capable of doing some yoga postures, it will help your pranayama practice. Some people, because of their current health situation, start with Pranayama and then, once they are feeling strong enough, begin incorporating physical postures. Listen to your body, that is the most important thing.